Events

MISSION AMRIT SAROVAR – JAL DHAROHAR SANRAKSHAN INTERNSHIP

Institute Name: DADI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, ANAKAPALLE

Water Body Name: BHIMESWARA TEMPLE, SAMALKOT

INO Name:                      Er. N. RAMU

ASI OFFICER:               SRI.BHANU PRAKASH VARMA

ULB OFFICER:            SRI.RAMARAO

Interaction with ULB officer at Municipal office, Samalkot

Contents

1. Introduction
2. Water body basic details
3. History of water body
4. Spatio-temporal analysis of water storage
5. Development of water body
6. Conservation of catchment area
7. Plan for reimagining of water body with restoration and structural improvements
8. Plan for imaging of surrounding water body
9. High quality photographs
10. Short and Medium term action plans

1. INTRODUCTION

The Students of DADI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY-Anakapalle has undertaken the Mission Amrit Sarovar by Ministry of Education –AICTE, which involves protection of water body and rejuvenation techniques. The water body allocated to DIET is the traditional water body in Shri. Chalukya Kumararama Bhimeswara temple, Samalkot under the mission launched by our Honorable Prime Minister Shri. Narendra Modi, which is Mission Amrit Sarovar - Jal Dharohar Sanrakshan. The team consists of Civil Engineering students of III B.Tech, under the guidance of Er.N.Ramu (INO).

Location of the water body: “Sree Bhimeswara temple pushkarini (koneru)” is located in the city of Kakinada district in Andhra Pradesh, India. The source is found adjacent to "Shri Chalukya Kumararama Bhimeswara temple". The Pushkarni situated between the Latitude (17°02’31’’ N), Longitude (82°10’19’’ E).

Location of water body situated at Latitude (17°02’31’’ N), Longitude (82°10’19’’ E).

It is located from 2 km distance from railway station. Samalkot by vehicle and the distance of 1.20 KM from railway station and bus complex of Samalkot by walk way.

Location plan

Front elevation of water body

2. WATER BODY BASIC DETAILS

Size, Extent and water holding capacity: The shape of the puskarini has unshaped so it’s having different corner dimensions and Extent of puskarini is10876.83 sq mts or 2.68 acres and existing water holding capacity is 10876830 liters.

Inlet and outlet with geo coordinates:

Puskarini -Inlet of water with geo coordinates

Puskarini -outlet of water with geo coordinates

• The main source of Godavari River rises from Trimbakeshwar in the Nashik district of Maharashtra about 80 km from the Arabian Sea.
• The total length of Godavari from its origin Trimbakeshwar to outfall into the Bay of Bengal Andhraprasesh is 1,465 km.
• The main source of pushkarni is godavari river which comes from Trimbakeshwar.
• From the main source of Godavari River, the river water distributes for agriculture and other purposes through the sub canals.
• The Godavari River travels through the samalkot and around area of samalkot villages or peoples are used this water for all works.
•  From the sub canal the water collects through inlet and the koneru or water body was formed.

3. HISTORY OF WATER BODY

• Kumararama or Bhimarama (Chalukya Kumararama Bhimeswara Temple) is one of the five Pancharama Kshetras that are sacred to the Hindu god Shiva.
• The temple is located in Samalkota of Kakinada district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
• The other four temples are Amararama at Amaravati (Dist. Guntur), Draksharama at Draksharama (Dist. EastGodavari), Ksheerarama at Palakollu and Somarama at Bhimavaram (both in Dist. West Godavari). It is one of the centrally protected monuments of national importance.
• The temple is constructed in 9 the century by the Chalukya and Kakatiya.
• The temple is 1 kilometer from Samarlakota City. The limestone Linga, installed in the shrine, is 16 feet tall that it rises from the pedestal on the ground floor and enters the second floor by piercing the roof, where the Rudrabhaga is worshipped. The temple has a mandapam that is supported by 100 pillars and is of great architectural importance.

Temple of sri bhimeswara , samalkot

PANCHARA KSHETRAS AND THEIR LOCATIONS

Names of Puncharama kshetras

History of the Water Body (Pushkarini):

• The water body (pushakarani or koneru) is constructed at the time of constructing the temple.
• The depth of koneru is 6.56 ft at time of construction and 10 ft up to the embankment.
• The mandapam was constructed In koneru with a height of 6.56ft.
• The water body was constructed in front of the god Shiva, for the purpose of peace and used as temple devotion 
• the puskarini water should be used for the abishakam to the lord Shiva
• The water body has inlet and outlet of channels and working with gravity flow.
• The main source of the koneru is Godavari River, and sub source is agricultural canal
• The area of the koneru is 8246 square meters(M²)
• The inlet and outlet of water body has only manual canals, the inlet of water collecting from Godavari agricultural canal, the water received from that canal, it is also closed with sand bags, if they want to filled the fresh water, its released by manual labour
• The storage water has stagnated in very long time.
• It has not proper shape

Water body of Bhimeswara temple, Samalkot

Observations and Recommendations

• While we visiting the water body, we have observed a lot of fishes and small snakes in the Pushkarini.

Lot of fishes available in water body

• The Pushkarini in Bhimeswara temple premises is not maintained properly. It has contained the unwanted wastage material.

• We have observed there in no proper direction to reach this location.
• We observed existing construction of the Temple. The construction of the temple is very precious and the construction period of time is 30 years (since 892 to 922).In temple they just need to proper maintenance.

Wastage of material filled with water body

Enquiry on water body with local people

Rejuvenation techniques for immediate action plans

• First remove all the water from water body then it avoids all fishes, snakes and other bacteria’s
• Water is filled again with inlet of water
• Water maintenance is required with some chemical contents
• The proper slope is provided to flow of water to inlet to outlet then it is to clean the water body in stipulated time 
• We observed and sketching that the detailed location from Samalkot railway station to The Chalukya Kumararama Bhimeswara temple, samalkot. We founded short cut route for walking devotees is 1.2km (it takes 15min time) and another alternative way for devotees with vehicles is 2km (it takes 6min time).
•  We capturing that the front elevation of the temple and pushkarini. The pushkarini is located in east side of the temple. The entire boundary of the temple is having the unwanted crops so I recommend we need to clear the unwanted crops around the temple.
• The Inlet and Outlet of the pushkarini has been identified. There is no proper direction of inlet and outlet so better to provide hydraulic gates and sluices channels.

4. SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF WATER STORAGE

Seasonal variations.

• In a water body the quantity of water may be decreased or increased according to the seasons (months) in a year.
• The average depth of water body has 1.80m at various levels
• In the summer season the water storage is very less due to hot summer and evaporating the water and closing of the inlet of water. The storage of water is approximately 8246000 liters
• In the rainy season the water is filled with maximum storage capacity due to runoff water and rainy water. The storage of water is approximately-15080285 liters
• In the winter season the water is available only medium capacity and in the season the inlet of water is opened due to festivals and fill the water into the water body and removing the waste water from outlet and sometime are using dewatering techniques to provide crop productions and the water storage capacity is approximately-11544400 liters

                                               Variation of water in summer season

                                                           Variation of water in winter season

                                                                Variation of water in rainy season

Utility provided and assessment of dependence to human settlements

Utilization of water body

1. The water is utilizing for abishakam and hand washes in the temple.

2. The bathing is carried out in the water by the pilgrims.

3 The water body is handed down for boating (Theppotsavam) at particular time, this process is used by the priests.

4. Pilgrims believe that the pushkarani water has a spiritual power of lord shiva, so they have to take the water to drink.

Assessment of water dependence to human settlement:

1. The present water in water body has not take over or depended by the villagers.

2. The water has been used for agriculture when release the water from outlet, it has been done at every six months.

3. Sometimes the water is cleaned by using dewatering techniques.

Water analysis of water body:

The students were collected the water samples from allotted water body to conduct the all types of tests 

Water samples collected by the students

The following results for after conducting and analyzing the all types test reports of given water sample collected from Pushkarini.

01. pH meter report:-

       1) ph paper:- The pH paper shows dark green reading. Hence it's pH is 8.

       2) pH meter:- The pH of the water sample shown by pH meter is 9.21.

   Range of ph for the water is 6.5-8.5

02. Conductivity: - The conductivity of the given water sample is 0.920 ms.

   Range of conductivity of the water is 0.5-3.0m

03. Turbidity: - the turbidity of the given water sample is 0.89 (200NTU).

    Range of turbidity of water is   0.5-1.0 (200NTU)

04. Chloride test: - The chloride content in the given water is 135.1 mg/lit.

    Range of chlorids in water is 01-1000 mg/lit

05. Acidity test: - Total acidity of the given water sample is 700ppm.

 Range of acidity in water is 10 - 100 (Slight hard)

                          Greater than 200 (Very hard)

  NOTE: -          Should not exceed beyond 500.

06. Alkality test: - Total alkality of the given water sample is 100 ppm.

 Range of alkality in water - 30-250 ppm

07. Hardness Test: - The hardness of the given water sample is 340ppm.

 Range of hardness in water is 0-17  (soft water)

                            17- 60 (modaretly hard)

                            60-100 (hard)

                            100- 120 (very hard)

                             200+ (not good water)

08.  Dissolved Oxygen test: - The total dissolved oxygen in the water sample is 4 ppm (or) mg/lit.

          Range of dissolved oxygen in water is 6.5- 8.0 mg/lit

Different water tests conducted at laboratory

5. DEVELOPMENT OF WATER BODY

Observations

• The  existing water body has no proper shape and directions
• It has not appeared as aesthetic view
• No proper walk way around the water body
• No proper stone pitching provided around the water body
• Steps are provided only for two sides so the pilgrims were facing the problems to bathing and walking around the water body
• Water has little bit dirty and filled with lot of unwanted wastage of materials in the water body
• No proper seating arrangements
• No proper landscaping
• No proper planting
• Not provided good ventilation at night time
• No hydraulic gates provided at inlet and out let of water body
• The temple water drainage pipe not provided proper slope so that the water is stagnated in pipes ,sometimes that water has flow into water body
• The neglected area is approximately 4180.41 sq m
• No recreation facilities
• There is no proper parking four wheeler and two wheeler

Rejuvenation Techniques to be implemented

• The existing water body measurements were taken
• Recommended for solar light poles around the water body
• Foot path has to provide with 1.80 m around the water body
• Seating arrangements will provide in neglected spaces
• Protection of drainage with closed concrete blocks
• Proper landscaping has to be provided in neglected spaces
• Reconstruct the temple drainage pipe
• Provide water body directions in suitable places
• Concrete planks should be provided instead of stone pitching around the water body
• Steps are provided with all sides of water body by using latest materials
• Hydraulic gates has to beprovided to ease of maintenance of water body
• Recreation facilities has to provide in neglected spaces
• Provide the proper parking facilities
• De-silting for create good healthy water for pilgrims
•  Provide the steps at all four sides of water body to ease of access for bathing of pilgrims
• Warning board signs has to provide at suitable places

Existing around the water body

The Levels are taken by students to find out the elevations around the water body

Levels are taking with auto level instrument around the water body

Plan for existing water body

Proposed plan for stage around the water body

Proposed plan for wash rooms

The proposed construction of RCC slab roof for wash rooms in the plinth area of 60.09 sq.mts or 646.59 sq ft and proposed construction of ladies rest or dress change room in the plinth area of 50.0 sq.mts or 538 sq.ft

Proposed plan after rejuvenation of water body

7. CONSERVATION OF CATCHMENT AREA

Hydraulic gates for inlet and outlet:  Sluice gate" refers to a movable gate allowing water to flow under it. When a sluice is lowered, water may spill over the top, in which case the gate operates as a weir. Usually, a mechanism drives the sluice up or down. This may be a simple, hand-operated, chain pulled/lowered, worm drive or rack-and-pinion drive, or it may be electrically or hydraulically powered.

TYPE OF MATERIAL USED IN SLUICE GATE

•Aluminum

Most sluices are formed with Aluminum using a press brake to form a U shape

•Wood

Traditionally wood was the material of choice for sluice gates.

•Cast iron

Cast iron has been popular when constructing sluice gates for years. This material is great at keeping the strength needed when dealing with powerful water levels.

•Stainless steel

In most cases, stainless steel is lighter than the older cast iron material.

•Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP)

In modern times, newer materials such as fibre-reinforced plastic are being used to build sluices.

 These modern technologies have many of the attributes of the older materials, while introducing advantages such as corrosion resistance and much lighter weights.

SLUICE GATE

Sluice (/slus/ SLOOS) is a word for a channel controlled at its head by a movable gate which is called a sluice gate. A sluice gate is traditionally a wood or metal barrier sliding in grooves that are set in the sides of the waterway and can be considered as a bottom opening in a wall. Sluice gates are one of the most common hydraulic structures in controlling flow rate and water level in open channels such as rivers and canals. They also could be used to measure the flow. A water channel containing a sluice gate forms a type of lock to manage the water flow and water level. It can also be an open channel which processes material, such as a River Sluice used in gold prospecting or fossicking. A mill race, leet, flume,

Penstock or lade is a sluice channeling water toward a water mill. The terms sluice, sluice gate, knife gate, and slide gate are used interchangeably in the water and wastewater control industry. They are also used in wastewater treatment plants and to recover minerals in mining operations, and in watermills

Approximate estimation for hydraulic gates

1. Hydraulic Sluice gate for inlet cost per unit   – Rs.75000/-

2. Hydraulic Sluice gate for outlet cost per unit – Rs.75000/-

3. Construction of structure for fixing gates (approx)    -     Rs-150000/-

Total cost of providing gates aprox. –Rs. 3, 00,000/-

8. PLAN OF REIMAGINING OF WATER BODY WITH RESTORATION AND STRUCTURAL IMPROVEMENTS

Cross section of existing slopes with stone pitching of water body

Cross section of proposed slopes with C.C Planks of water body

Cross section of water body

9. PLAN FOR REIMAGINING THE SURROUNDINGS OF

WATER BODY

The following map shown in various points of elevations at surrounding water body

Rejuvenation of surroundings of water body

10. HIGH QUALITY PHOTOGRAPHS

High quality images with different angles

High quality of images at surrounding water body

10. SHORT AND MEDUIM TERM ACTION PLANS

Short term action plans

1. Footpath around the water body.

Ecological footpath is a specially equipped route passing through various ecological systems and other natural objects, architectural monuments having aesthetic, nature protection and historical value, on which walking (walking, tourists, etc.) receive oral (with the help of a guide) or written (stands, notices, etc.) information about these objects. Thus, both in its content and functions, the ecological footpath is a special object. It is designed to give the visitor new, interesting information about the natural or cultural environment for education in

2. De-silting.

Desilting is the removal of fine silt and sediment that has collected in a river in order to restore its natural capacity, without widening or deepening of the river

3. Warning Boards (or) Signs.

4. Greenary development around the water body.

5. Increasing the water holding capacity.

Long-term action plans

1. Hydralic gates (or) Head sluice gates provided at inlet and outlet.

2. In place of stone pitching replaced with concrete lining.

3. Provide the steps at all sides with proper concrete lining.

4. Iron-railing design should be provided around the water body.

5. Beanches-Lighting should be provided a certain distance.

6. After desilting the sand bed is placed upon it peddles and placed to give a pleasant look for water.

7. Wash rooms and rest room should be provided.

8. Proper Parking’s designed for better comfort for pilgrims.

9. Perfect flooring should be constructed in proper slope around the water body.

10. Provide solar lights

11. NEWSPAPER CLIPINGS